What are Loxosceles spp. Common name? Distribution? Venom mechanism?Clinical effects? Severe toxicity? Treatment?
- Brown recluse
- Loxosceles venom is a heterogenous medely of proteins including: sphingomyelinases, phospholipases, astacin-like metalloproteases, and the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptides, serine proteases, serpins, hyaluronidases.
- Typically Loxoscelism is limited to local tissue necrosis, often patients will mistake an abscess for a bite of this spider.
- Mild systemic signs include: fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea/vomiting, disseminated rash
- Severe toxicity: intravascular hemolysis, hemoglubinuria or hematuria, DIC, hypotension, pulmonary edema
- Supportive care, wound care, steroids are controversial.
PMID:31248109